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Theft is an inevitable problem in the context of urbanization and poses a challenge to people's lives and social stability. The study of theft and criminal behavior using spatiotemporal, big, demographic, and neighborhood data is important for guiding security prevention and control. In this study, we analyzed the theft frequency and location characteristics of the study area through mathematical statistics and hot spot analysis methods to discover the spatiotemporal divergence characteristics of theft in the study area during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods. We detected the spatial variation pattern of the regression coefficients of the local areas of thefts in Haining City by modeling the influencing factors using the geographically weighted regression (GWR) analysis method. The results explained the relationship between theft and the influencing factors and showed that the regression coefficients had both positive and negative values in the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods, indicating that the spatial distribution of theft in urban areas of Haining City was not smooth. Factors related to life and work indicated densely populated areas had increased theft, and theft was negatively correlated with factors related to COVID-19. The other influencing factors were different in terms of their spatial distributions. Therefore, in terms of police prevention and control, video surveillance and police patrols need to be deployed in a focused manner to increase their inhibiting effect on theft according to the different effects of influencing factors during the pre-COVID-19 and COVID-19 periods.
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Hotels have increasingly engaged in environmentally responsible initiatives to demonstrate their commitment to environmental concerns and sustainable hospitality and tourism. These initiatives are expected to become even more popular in the context that the COVID-19 crisis has driven people to further acknowledge the importance of the ecosystem. This study aims to examine how hotels' environmental corporate social responsibility (CSR) affects customers' green word-of-mouth (WOM). Structural equation modeling was employed to analyze data from an online survey of 749 Chinese respondents. The findings reveal that hotels' environmental CSR indirectly enhances customers' green WOM intention via green perceived value (i.e., cognitive route) and green hotel pride (i.e., emotional route). Furthermore, the indirect effects of hotels' environmental CSR on customers' green WOM are more substantial for hotels with higher star ratings. These findings offer valuable insights for hoteliers to develop genuine environmentally responsible initiatives that can generate positive customer responses.
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Objective: To estimate the latent period and incubation period of Omicron variant infections and analyze associated factors. Methods: From January 1 to June 30, 2022, 467 infections and 335 symptomatic infections in five local Omicron variant outbreaks in China were selected as the study subjects. The latent period and incubation period were estimated by using log-normal distribution and gamma distribution models, and the associated factors were analyzed by using the accelerated failure time model (AFT). Results: The median (Q1, Q3) age of 467 Omicron infections including 253 males (54.18%) was 26 (20, 39) years old. There were 132 asymptomatic infections (28.27%) and 335 (71.73%) symptomatic infections. The mean latent period of 467 Omicron infections was 2.65 (95%CI: 2.53-2.78) days, and 98% of infections were positive for nucleic acid test within 6.37 (95%CI: 5.86-6.82) days after infection. The mean incubation period of 335 symptomatic infections was 3.40 (95%CI: 3.25-3.57) days, and 97% of them developed clinical symptoms within 6.80 (95%CI: 6.34-7.22) days after infection. The results of the AFT model analysis showed that compared with the group aged 18-49 years old, the latent period [exp(ß)=1.36 (95%CI: 1.16-1.60), P<0.001] and incubation period [exp(ß)=1.24 (95%CI: 1.07-1.45), P=0.006] of infections aged 0-17 years old were prolonged. The latent period [exp(ß)=1.38 (95%CI: 1.17-1.63), P<0.001] and the incubation period [exp(ß)=1.26 (95%CI: 1.06-1.48), P=0.007] of infections aged 50 years old and above were also prolonged. Conclusion: The latent period and incubation period of most Omicron infections are within 7 days, and age may be a influencing factor of the latent period and incubation period.
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COVID-19 , Male , Humans , Adult , Adolescent , Young Adult , Middle Aged , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , SARS-CoV-2 , Infectious Disease Incubation Period , Asymptomatic InfectionsABSTRACT
Objective: To compare the efficacy of the combination of abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir plus recombinant interferon alpha-2b (rIFNalpha-2b) and the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir plus rIFNalpha-2b for patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang province. Method(s): A multicenter prospective study was carried out to compare the efficacy of triple combination antiviral therapy and dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang province during January 22 to February 16, 2020. All patients were treated with rIFNalpha-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation, in addition 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (triple combination group) and 41 patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (dual combination group). The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were further divided into three subgroups: <48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d according the time from the symptom onset to medication starting. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between triple combination group and dual combination group, and compared among 3 subgroups of patients receiving triple combination antiviral therapy. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Result(s): The virus nucleic acid-negative conversion time in respiratory tract specimens was (12.2+/-4.7) d in the triple combination group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination group [(15.0+/-5.0) d] (t=6.159, P<0.01). The length of hospital stay in the triple combination group [12.0 (9.0, 17.0) d] was also shorter than that in the dual combination group [15.0 (10.0, 18.0) d] (H=2.073, P<0.05). Compared with the antiviral treatment which was started within after the symptom onset of in the triple combination group, the time from the symptom onset to the viral negative conversion was 13.0 (10.0, 17.0), 17.0 (13.0, 22.0) and 21.0 (18.0, 24.0) d in subgroups of 48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d, respectively (Z=32.983, P<0.01), while the time from antiviral therapy to viral negative conversion was (11.8+/-3.9), (13.5+/-5.1) and (11.2+/-4.3) d, respectively(Z=6.722, P<0.05). Conclusion(s): The triple combination antiviral therapy of abidol, lopinavir/litonavir and rIFNalpha-2b shows shorter viral shedding time and shorter hospitalization time, compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy;and the earlier starting triple combination antiviral therapy will result in better antiviral efficacy.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Objective: To evaluate the imaging features of CT scan in patients with COVID-19. Method(s): Clinical data of 56 patients with COVID-19 from January 17 to 19, 2020 admitted to Wenzhou Central Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical manifestations, lung imaging characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with different severity were analyzed with SAS software. Result(s): Fever (92.8%, 52/56), dry cough (75.0%, 42/56) and asthenia (58.9%, 33/56) were the first symptoms in most of the patients;some patients also had shortness of breath (25.0%, 14/56) and pharyngeal pain (10.7%, 6/56). Chest high-resolution CT scan showed that in 42 moderate patients, ground glass-like high-density shadows in the lung were observed in 30 cases (71.4%);localized plaque consolidation shadows and bronchial inflation signs were observed in 10 cases (23.8%). In 12 severe patients, 11 had high-density patches involving multiple lung lobes (>=3). In 2 critically ill patients the patches and stripes involving the entire lung were observed;and cord-like high-density shadow, local consolidation and fibrosis were also shown. Conclusion(s): The multiple ground-glass changes outside the lungs are early imaging manifestations of COVID-19 patients. The increase in pulmonary lobe consolidation and fibrosis may indicate the disease progression, and the degree of lung consolidation and fibrosis is closely related to the disease severity.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Objective: To compare the efficacy of the combination of abidol, lopinavir/ritonavir plus recombinant interferon alpha-2b (rIFNalpha-2b) and the combination of lopinavir/ritonavir plus rIFNalpha-2b for patients with COVID-19 in Zhejiang province. Method(s): A multicenter prospective study was carried out to compare the efficacy of triple combination antiviral therapy and dual combination antiviral therapy in 15 medical institutions of Zhejiang province during January 22 to February 16, 2020. All patients were treated with rIFNalpha-2b (5 million U, 2 times/d) aerosol inhalation, in addition 196 patients were treated with abidol (200 mg, 3 times/d) + lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (triple combination group) and 41 patients were treated with lopinavir/ritonavir (2 tablets, 1 time/12 h) (dual combination group). The patients who received triple combination antiviral therapy were further divided into three subgroups: <48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d according the time from the symptom onset to medication starting. The therapeutic efficacy was compared between triple combination group and dual combination group, and compared among 3 subgroups of patients receiving triple combination antiviral therapy. SPSS 17.0 software was used to analyze the data. Result(s): The virus nucleic acid-negative conversion time in respiratory tract specimens was (12.2+/-4.7) d in the triple combination group, which was shorter than that in the dual combination group [(15.0+/-5.0) d] (t=6.159, P<0.01). The length of hospital stay in the triple combination group [12.0 (9.0, 17.0) d] was also shorter than that in the dual combination group [15.0 (10.0, 18.0) d] (H=2.073, P<0.05). Compared with the antiviral treatment which was started within after the symptom onset of in the triple combination group, the time from the symptom onset to the viral negative conversion was 13.0 (10.0, 17.0), 17.0 (13.0, 22.0) and 21.0 (18.0, 24.0) d in subgroups of 48 h, 3-5 d and >5 d, respectively (Z=32.983, P<0.01), while the time from antiviral therapy to viral negative conversion was (11.8+/-3.9), (13.5+/-5.1) and (11.2+/-4.3) d, respectively(Z=6.722, P<0.05). Conclusion(s): The triple combination antiviral therapy of abidol, lopinavir/litonavir and rIFNalpha-2b shows shorter viral shedding time and shorter hospitalization time, compared with the dual combination antiviral therapy;and the earlier starting triple combination antiviral therapy will result in better antiviral efficacy.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Objective: To evaluate the imaging features of CT scan in patients with COVID-19. Method(s): Clinical data of 56 patients with COVID-19 from January 17 to 19, 2020 admitted to Wenzhou Central Hospital and the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical manifestations, lung imaging characteristics and treatment outcomes of patients with different severity were analyzed with SAS software. Result(s): Fever (92.8%, 52/56), dry cough (75.0%, 42/56) and asthenia (58.9%, 33/56) were the first symptoms in most of the patients;some patients also had shortness of breath (25.0%, 14/56) and pharyngeal pain (10.7%, 6/56). Chest high-resolution CT scan showed that in 42 moderate patients, ground glass-like high-density shadows in the lung were observed in 30 cases (71.4%);localized plaque consolidation shadows and bronchial inflation signs were observed in 10 cases (23.8%). In 12 severe patients, 11 had high-density patches involving multiple lung lobes (>=3). In 2 critically ill patients the patches and stripes involving the entire lung were observed;and cord-like high-density shadow, local consolidation and fibrosis were also shown. Conclusion(s): The multiple ground-glass changes outside the lungs are early imaging manifestations of COVID-19 patients. The increase in pulmonary lobe consolidation and fibrosis may indicate the disease progression, and the degree of lung consolidation and fibrosis is closely related to the disease severity.Copyright © 2020 by the Chinese Medical Association.
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Despite the growing body of literature on the structural problems of emergency remote teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic, far too little empirical research has been conducted on university academics' challenges in online pedagogy and what is needed to facilitate their teaching during a time of educational crisis. Thus, this study selects a high-profile Chinese language university as a case study to explore how university academics in China have dealt with the challenges of emergency remote teaching during the pandemic. This paper conducts open-ended interviews with 22 academic faculty members and adopts TPACK concepts to interpret the findings. The results demonstrate how participants find avenues to deal with emergency remote teaching, effective measures universities need to adopt, and ways to facilitate TPACK with academic faculty. © The Author(s) 2023.
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OBJECTIVE: Obesity and overweight are risk factors for chronic disease worldwide. The purpose of this study was to compare the transcriptome of exercise-induced fat mobilization in obese people, and to explore the effect of different exercise intensity on the correlation of immune microenvironment remodeling and lipolysis in adipose tissue. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Microarray datasets of adipose tissue before and after exercise were downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus. Then, we used gene-enrichment analysis and PPI-network construction to elucidate the function and enrichment pathways of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and to identify the central genes. A network of protein-protein interactions was obtained using STRING and visualized with Cytoscape. RESULTS: A total of 929 DEGs were identified between 40 pre-exercise (BX) samples and 65 post-exercise (AX) samples from GSE58559, GSE116801, and GSE43471. Among these DEGs, adipose tissue-expressed genes were duly recognized. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses indicated that DEGs were mostly enriched in lipid metabolism. Studies have found that mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway and forkhead box O (FOXO) signaling pathway are up-regulated, while Ribosome, coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and IGF-1 gene are down-regulated. Although we found the up-regulated genes that noted IL-1 among others, and the down-regulated gene was IL-34. The increase of inflammatory factors leads to changes in cellular immune microenvironment, and high-intensity exercise leads to increased expression of inflammatory factors in adipose tissue, leading to inflammatory responses. CONCLUSIONS: Exercise at different intensities leads to the degradation of adipose and is accompanied by changes in the immune microenvironment within adipose tissue. High intensity exercise can cause the imbalance of immune microenvironment of adipose tissue while causing fat degradation. Therefore, moderate intensity and below exercise is the best way for the general population to reduce fat and weight.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Lipolysis , Humans , Transcriptome , Adipose Tissue , Obesity , Computational Biology , Gene Expression ProfilingABSTRACT
With long-term impact of COVID-19 on education, online interactive live courses have been an effective method to keep learning and teaching from being interrupted, attracting more and more attention due to their synchronous and real-time interaction. However, there is no suitable method for predicting academic performance for students participating in online class. Five machine learning models are employed to predict academic performance of an engineering mechanics course, taking online learning behaviors, comprehensive performance as input and final exam scores (FESs) as output. The analysis shows the gradient boosting regression model achieves the best performance with the highest correlation coefficient (0.7558), and the lowest RMSE (9.3595). Intellectual education score (IES) is the most important factor of comprehensive performance while the number of completed assignment (NOCA), the live viewing rate (LVR) and the replay viewing rate (RVR) of online learning behaviors are the most important factors influencing FESs. Students with higher IES are more likely to achieve better academic performance, and students with lower IES but higher NOCA tend to perform better. Our study can provide effective evidences for teachers to adjust teaching strategies and provide precise assistance for students at risk of academic failure in advance.
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OBJECTIVE: Transplant recipients have a higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection owing to the use of immunosuppressive drugs like tacrolimus (FK506). FK506 and nirmatrelvir (NMV) (an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug) are metabolized by cytochrome P450 3A4 and may have potential drug-drug interactions. It is important to determine the effect of NMV on FK506 concentrations. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Following protein precipitation from blood, FK506 and its internal standard (FK506-13C,2d4) were detected by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Total 22 blood samples (valley concentrations) from two coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients were collected and analyzed for FK506 concentrations. RESULTS: Blood levels of FK506 (0.5-100 ng/mL) showed good linearity. The UHPLC-MS/MS method was validated with intra- and inter-batch accuracies of 104.55-107.85%, and 99.52-108.01%, respectively, and precisions of < 15%. Mean blood FK506 concentration was 12.01 ng/mL (range, 3.15-33.1 ng/mL). Five-day co-administration with NMV increased the FK506 concentrations from 3.15 ng/mL to 33.1 ng/mL, returning to 3.36 ng/mL after a 9-day-washout. CONCLUSIONS: We developed a simple quantification method for therapeutic drug monitoring of FK506 in patients with COVID-19 using UHPLC-MS/MS with protein precipitation. We found that NMV increased FK506 blood concentration 10-fold. Therefore, it is necessary to re-consider co-administration of FK506 with NMV.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Tacrolimus , Humans , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods , Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods , SARS-CoV-2 , Lactams , Leucine , Reproducibility of Results , Drug MonitoringABSTRACT
COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory SARS-CoV-2. Regardless of the availability of treatment strategies for COVID-19, effective therapy will remain essential. A promising approach to tackle the SARS-CoV-2 could be small interfering (si) RNAs. Here we designed the small hairpin RNA (named as shRNA688) for targeting the prepared 813 bp Est of the S protein genes (Delta). The conserved and mutated regions of the S protein genes from the genomes of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in the public database were analyzed. A 813 bp fragment encoding the most part of the RBD and partial downstream RBD of the S protein was cloned into the upstream red florescent protein gene (RFP) as a fusing gene in the pCMV-S-Protein RBD-Est-RFP plasmid for expressing a potential target for RNAi. The double stranded of the DNA encoding for shRNA688 was constructed in the downstream human H1 promoter of the plasmid in which CMV promoter drives enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene expression. These two kinds of the constructed plasmids were co-transfected into HEK293T via Lipofectamine 2000. The degradation of the transcripts of the SARS-CoV-2 S protein fusing gene expressed in the transfected HEK293T treated by RNAi was analyzed by RT-qPCR with a specific probe of the targeted SARS-CoV-2 S protein gene transcripts. Our results showed that shRNA688 targeting the conserved region of the S protein genes could effectively reduce the transcripts of the S protein genes. This study provides a cell model and technical support for the research and development of the broad-spectrum small nucleic acid RNAi drugs against SARS-CoV-2 or the RNAi drugs for the other hazard viruses which cause human diseases. Copyright © Weiwei Zhang, Linjia Huang, Jumei Huang, Xin Jiang, Xiaohong Ren, Xiaojie Shi, Ling Ye, Shuhui Bian, Jianhe Sun, Yufeng Gao, Zehua Hu, Lintin Guo, Suyan Chen, Jiahao Xu, Jie Wu, Jiwen Zhang, Daxiang Cui, and Fangping Dai.
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Nirmatrelvir is an effective ingredient in the anti COVID-19 drug Paxlovid. There were two key steps in the original synthetic route, which involved trifluoroacetylation and dehydration. A facile and efficient synthesis of nirmatrelvir is described in this work. Intermediate 7 was converted to nirmatrelvir in one-pot synthesis with trifluoroacetic anhydride. In addition, the condensation and deprotection conditions were optimized. The yield of nirmatrelvir produced from 1raised from 51.6% to 72.5%. © 2023,Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine.All Rights Reserved.
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In the past few years, CRISPR-based (Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-based) detection techniques have arisen in the field of bioanalysis, molecular biology and clinical diagnosis. However, there are still some limitations, such as high cost, high technical requirements, complexity, cross contamination, lack of quantification strategies, etc. Microfluidic platforms, as emerging technol-ogies, have the potential to take CRISPR-based technology to the new level in the future. In this review, we illustrate the recent progress as well as our work and collaborative work in CRISPR-based microfluidic detection assays based on the categories of microfluidic chips, including paper-based microfluidics, centrifugal microfluidics, digital microfluidics, electrochemical microfluidics and wearable microfluidics, mainly focusing on how microfluidic platforms improve CRISPR-based detection method in the aspect of visualization, detection throughput, anti-contamination, simple operation, sensitivity, specificity and quantification, etc. And we outlook the future trends of CRISPR-based microfluidic detection methods in both innovation of CRISPR-based and design of microfluidic platforms. (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The emergence of various SARS-CoV-2 mutants accelerates the development of COVID-19 pandemic and seriously affects the normal society. Increasing the efficiency of virus screening and the ability to identify new mutants is thus crucial to the pandemic prevention and control. Recently, on Science Advances, Professor James J. Collins et al. developed a low-cost (similar to $ 15), rapid (similar to 60 min) and portable in-home detection device 14 SARS-CoV-2 and its variants based on the CRISPR/Cas technology, which was expected to provide a new option for rapid screening of SARS-CoV-2.
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At the beginning of 2020, coronavirus disease (covid-19) spread all over the world, making the world face a survival and health crisis. Automatic detection of pulmonary infection through computed tomography (CT) images provides great potential for strengthening the traditional health care strategy to deal with covid-19. At present, the use of artificial intelligence technology for image classification and lesion segmentation of COVID-19CT image has become a widely concerned content in medical image analysis. Segmenting the infected area from CT image faces several challenges, including high variation of infection characteristics, low-intensity comparison between infection and normal tissue and so on. Based on the in-depth analysis of covid-19 CT image features, this paper adds a mixed attention mechanism module to the RESNETneural network model, including channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism. The combination of channel attention mechanism and spatial attention mechanism makes the backbone network have the ability to pay attention to more important local features from global features, making the model more sensitive to covid CT images. In terms of implementation efficiency, the convolution layer of the model is improved with smaller convolution kernel, and the loss function is modified to adjust the data training model, so as to realize the more accurate and efficient automatic recognition of covid-19 CT image. © 2022 ACM.
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To put forward effective balance strategy of station-freesh a ring bike soncampus, massive trip data of station-free sharing bikes before the COVID-19 occurring on Southeast University were mined. The trip data included 15 687 trip productions and 15 410 trip attractions. Firstly, the data's temporal and spatial characteristics were analyzed, and a short-term travel prediction model for station-free sharing bikes on campus at intervals of 15 and 30 min separately using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was established. Then, an identification method of station-free sharing bikes hot spots on campus by combining the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) clustering method and the K-dist graphs was constructed. Finally, the management and control strategy was proposed for station-free sharing bikes on campus. The results show that imbalanced spatial and temporal demand of bike sharing trips on campus. From temporal demand, the average daily campus trip volume of station-free sharing bikes on weekdays is significantly higher than that on weekend, and the peak of daily campus trip volume occurs on Monday. The campus trip peak hours of station-free sharing bikes are closely related to the school time of teachers and students. The peak hours of trip origins are 07:00 to 08 : 00 and 13:00 to 14:00 on weekdays, and the peak hours of trip destinations are 11:00 to 12:00 and 17:00 to 18:00 on weekdays. From spatial demand, the origin and destination locations of station-free sharing bikes appear obvious distribution of "hot spots", and the parking hot spots are concentrated in the school gate, library, gymnasiums and important teaching buildings. The time series forecasting model is developed and the mean absolute error value is between 0. 600 to 0. 989, and it indicating a high prediction accuracy of the model. The time series forecasting model can provide technical support for real-time scheduling of station-free sharing bikes on campus. By predicting the temporal and spatial travel demand of station-free sharing bikes on campus, research results can help establish sharing bikes' delivery or allocation mechanism which are adapt to campus space capacity, parking hardware facilities, travel demand distribution and so on. Meanwhile, research results can provide the basis for campus administrators and sharing bikes operators to optimize sharing bikes parking management on campus. 7 tabs, 9 figs, 26 refs. © 2022 Editorial Department of Journal of Chang'an University (Natural Science Edition). All rights reserved.
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Since the end of 2019, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has spread globally, posing enormous challenges to the global society. Wearing a mask has been proven to be the easiest and the most effective way to limit the spread of COVID-19, and it has become the rule in many public areas. This has also led to a growing demand for automatic real-time mask detection services to replace manual reminders. However, current research on mask detection still has limitations, and both the accuracy and speed can be further improved. In this paper, we propose FCOS-Mask, a one-stage anchor-free object detection method for face mask detection. We add a bottom-up feature augmentation path to the model's neck and conduct Mosaic to strengthen the ability to detect objects in an unusual context. Moreover, we adopt CIoU and Soft-NMS to improve the training speed and detection accuracy on occluded faces. FCOS-Mask is tested on the Face Mask Detection dataset and achieves a higher 2.9% mAP compared to baseline with a real-time speed of 20.6 FPS on RTX 2070. © 2022 IEEE.
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The National Institute of Health (NIH) launches the RADx Radical research collaboratives (RADx-rad) to advance new, non-traditional approaches for COVID-19 testing. RADx-rad projects are required to adopt common data elements (CDEs) to collect data to increase data interoperability. To overcome the challenges in finding appropriate CDEs for a wide range of study variables, we create a web application - IMI-CDE to ease the burden of mapping study variables to CDEs from researchers. IMI-CDE can automatically recommend CDE candidates for a study variable based on its name and description. Together with interactive mapping interfaces, IMI-CDE allows researchers to perform variable-CDE mapping with one mouse click. In addition, the IMI-CDE application supports users with multiple roles to work collaboratively on the mapping tasks. We have piloted the IMI-CDE with RADx-rad projects. 22 researchers from 8 different projects have started to use the IMI-CDE system for variable-CDE mappings. The beta-testing evaluators reported the system is intuitive, effective, and easy to use. © 2022 IEEE.
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Purpose : The prevalence of myopia is accelerating worldwide possibly because of the decrease in outdoor activity including COVID-19 home confinement. We have reported the effective treatments of suppressing myopia progression, including oral administration of crocetin (Mori K et al. Sci Rep. 2019) and violet light exposure (Jiang X et al. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2021). In this study, we examined the therapeutic effects of bunazosin, known as one of the α1-adrenergic receptor antagonists, in a lens-induced myopia mouse model. Methods : C57BL/6J mice were induced myopia at 3-week-old by a method established in our research group (Jiang X et al. Sci Rep. 2018). For 3 weeks, mice were equipped with lenses in both eyes, a left for 0 D lens as internal control and a right for -30 D lens as myopia induction. During this period, we administered 0.01% bunazosin hydrochloride solution by intraperitoneal injection (IP group) and eye drop (E group) once a day, and PBS as control. Ocular components including refraction error, axial length, and choroidal thickness before and after myopia induction were measured by an infrared photorefractor and an SD-OCT. The choroidal blood flow was evaluated by an SS-OCT angiography. Results : In the eye with -30D lens of control group, significant changes in a myopic shift of refraction (p < 0.01), axial elongation (p < 0.05), and choroidal thinning (p < 0.01) compared to 0D lens were observed. In contrast, IP or E groups showed no significant difference between both eyes, suggesting myopia progression was suppressed by bunazosin treatment. The choroidal blood flow of the eye with -30D in E group (58.9±8.9%) was higher than that of the control group -30D (44.0±6.4%)(p < 0.05). Conclusions : Bunazosin has a preventive effect on myopia progression by suppressing axial elongation and choroidal thinning together with an increase of choroidal blood flow.